The Great Big Amanita Rubescens Post, and I caught a turtle eating a mushroom.

Amanita rubescens 6-23-2013

Mid-to-late June here in central Missouri was glorious, mushroom-wise.

There was a short mini-drought several weeks earlier that lasted about two weeks and scared the heck out of me, because last summer there was a long and terrible drought. No precipitation = little to no fungi. But regular early summer rain came, and the forest floor exploded.

There were several species in great abundance that I’d only seen here and there in previous years. The handsome Amanita rubescens was one of them.


Above, both are Amanita rubescens. The one on the right is shop-worn and has lost a lot of its cap patches (from heavy rain, I bet). But those red dents and divots (damage from bugs and animals, most likely) give it away. “Rubescens” means “reddening” in Latin which is how it got one of its common names, “blusher.”

Not-quite-mature Amanita rubescens

The toffee sprinkles all over the cap (above) are the remains of its universal veil, which enclosed the entire mushroom before it burst out of it. They are like pieces of a torn sheet. So if you deconstructed this mushroom you could rejoin all those warts, like kids do with maps of the world.



See that tawny orange thing right in the middle of the image above?



It was the biggest blusher I’ve ever seen! Even though I hadn't seen many!


There it is with my foot! There it is with my hand!

I didn't see any others like this one, so flat. And huge!

Unusual also in that it was in nearly perfect condition. Every other one I saw this summer had a blushing chunk missing, or a red bruise, or both.

Amanita rubescens fully expanded cap. Click to view large! Click any image to view large!

The big floppy skirt on the one above is its partial veil, which used to cover the gills. As the cap expands, the veil tears free from the edge of the cap and remains attached to the stalk. That’s the “ring” the field guides mean. But sometimes the ring falls off, so don’t get crazy!


I saw another one of those things you hardly ever see! A big ol’ box turtle eating a big ol’ mushroom, right next to the trail.



Some kind of Russula, looks like.


If you spend any time at all in the woods you see turtles. I'm a little surprised when I don't see a turtle. But usually I see a turtle seeing me and pulling into its shell, not in the middle of a big meal of juicy, succulent mushroom.

Next time I see it I'll know those pointy missing chunks were from a turtle.



He was getting pretty nervous about me sticking my camera in his world so I left.

Cemetery Agaricus and some extras

I’m still two months behind and I’m in big trouble, this has been a fabulous mushroom summer of lots of rain and moderate temperatures, there’s so much coming up in the woods it’s just nuts! We’re not even to the prettiest stuff I’ve already found!

There was a mini-drought that lasted about 2-3 weeks and I was scared, but that was weeks ago and it’s just been rain and nice and rain and nice ever since.

These are from the first week of June--

Agaricus campestris 6-1-2013

Found these in the cemetery behind the barbecue place. There’s often mushrooms in cemeteries. Don't eat cemetery mushrooms, the grounds are probably treated with weed killer and stuff.

What looks like a deep shadow on the cap, above, is a shadow combined with very dark spores that have dropped onto it.



Agaricus campestris ring. It was so delicate the slightest breeze was blowing it around.

One thing I picked up while working out the ID on this one is if you find a mushroom growing on a big weed-free expanse of grass, don’t eat it. Think weed killer.



The gills and cap flesh, and tiny tunnels from larvae eating their way around. Some life, eh? Note the really tiny tunnels on the gill.

This is my summer to be plagued with confusion by mushrooms with tan caps, tan, pink or brown gills and a ring. I think I’m starting to sort them out. There’s a fine bunch of online mushroom people who help me out when I just get dizzy. I bug them as a last resort. If I had about 25 more mushroom books I might not have to bug them at all…



Marasmius sullivantii, which minutes after posting I discovered I had misidentified, because a kind soul who shall remain nameless but is famous in the world of mushroom hunters just sent me a message with the correction.

Here's what I thought it was--

I had done that thing we amateurs do where I found something close, so I forced it to match the description even though there were discrepancies in the text and the images, which I attributed to an idiosyncrasy of this particular mushroom's life. That just never works when it comes to identifying mushrooms!

Also I carefully glossed over the growing region when I was reading the description. Never grows here. All in all, a good thing, reminded me to be clinical when it comes to working out mushroom ID.



Helvella latispora, one of the “elfin saddles.”



Crucibulum laeve with peridioles telegraphing through unopened lids. I don’t see this very often and wonder if it was a factor of things going slightly wrong. Maybe they were trouping along with great vigor but then that mini-drought hit and foiled their plans.

Stay tuned for more pics and not many words! So many mushrooms!

Oh, but there will be many words about that stinkhorn…

More September mushroom fun after the drought broke--heavy on Flammulina velutipes.

I’ll keep plowing away at these older images because wait’ll you see the current spring stuff! But this older stuff must have its day.


Sept. 2012, found these Flammulina velutipes peeking out from behind a big slab of loose bark on a dead tree. Being a big dumb lurching human, I had to investigate, so I pulled the bark away.

I’m glad I did. Every stage of growth there, like a kind of fine botanical illustration (as always, click to view bigger!).




Above, hey, don’t some of those look a lot like those enoki mushrooms sold in grocery stores? Well, that’s because they are. They’re the same mushroom. The same. (***Edit, 11 years later: seems DNA sequencing has shown the cultivated Asian species is Flammulina filiformis, oops! But now we know.) When grown in cultivation they are grown in very low light, and in a “carbon dioxide-rich” environment, and instead of developing a black stem of decent thickness and a lovely, sticky, tawny-orange cap, they stay creamy white and grow very, very tall and slender, with a tiny little runty cap. Here, under the bark, it is dark with low air circulation, but are you trying to tell me as soon as it reached the edge it was going to morph into the typical form, below? I don’t know what’s going on anymore.

Here’s a prime example of wild ones on a tree, outside (they like it cold, by the way), with normal levels of CO2 (you can also see how they got their common name, “velvet foot”):



I have absolutely no idea why high CO2 would affect their growth like it does.
Below, a close-up of the very young growths from under the bark, the caps are just little smears! These were about an inch long.



Sure is a lot going on out there that we hardly ever see.

Below, pear-shaped puffballs, Lycoperdon pyriforme. I mostly cannot resist taking pics of these whenever I see them. One way to keep track of these, compared to other small, whitish puffballs, is these always grow on wood.



Below, no idea what kind of mushroom, but photogenic in my book.



Below, a nifty example of a partial veil, the thing that makes the ring on the stem. As the cap expands it will tear away from the outer edge and leave that circle of tissue attached to the stem.



I went around and around about the ID of this one and finally mostly landed on Agaricus placomyces, but not 100%. That bit of yellow on the edge of the cap helped with diagnosis—it bruised that color after I touched it--but there were other things that would have narrowed it down further, which I missed. One guy asked me how it smelled, because A. placomyces is supposed to smell terrible. I didn’t smell it. But since then I’ve made a real point of sniffing everything.



I see a box turtle just about every time I hike.

I’m always trying to get a look at their hind feet, so I can count their toes and see if it’s a Three-toed or Ornate, and they almost always suck into their shells so I can’t see their hind feet at all. Here, a front foot will have to do. Very nice claws!



Since then I’ve learned there are other ways to tell those two kinds apart but I still want to see those hind toes.


Above, in one of the state parks 10 minutes from where I live.